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civil solciety from a sociological perspective Civil society  refers to the sphere of voluntary social organizations and relationships  that exists between the state, the market, and the private life of individuals. From a sociological perspective, it is not merely a collection of non-governmental organizations, but rather a structural space in which members of society interact autonomously, guided by shared values and collective goals , thereby shaping and maintaining social

Social justice from a sociological perspective Social justice  refers to a social condition in which all members of society are guaranteed fair opportunities , equitable distribution of resources , and the right to live with dignity . From a sociological perspective , social justice is not merely a moral or philosophical concept but a structural issue — shaped, maintained, and reproduced through social institutions and power relations . Core Concepts of Social Justice Distrib

Critical Legal Studies (CLS) Critical Legal Studies (CLS)  is a movement in legal theory that emerged in the United States during the 1970s. It arose as a critique of traditional legal thought — particularly liberal legalism  and legal positivism  — arguing that law is not a neutral or objective system, but rather a tool that reflects and maintains existing social and political power structures . Key Characteristics Non-Neutrality of Law Traditional legal theory views law as

Sociology of Law The sociology of law  is a branch of legal studies that examines law from a social perspective. It is often considered to have originated with the French philosopher Montesquieu , and is also traced back to Friedrich Carl von Savigny , who emphasized the connection and interaction between legal norms and social reality. The discipline emerged as a true scientific study of law, distinct from traditional legal scholarship, when earlier approaches such as the Fr